Diluted eps中文

每股收益是上市公司重要的盈利指标,每股收益仅仅针对普通股(common stock),此外,每股收益计算的是每股普通股有多少利润可供分配,而不是实际分配多少利润。每股收益是CFA考试中的重要知识点,很多考生在学习的时候对基本每股收益以及稀释每股收益有疑问,今天好睿小编就分别来说说这2个知识点。


一、基本每股收益(Basic Earnings Per Share)

(一)简单资本结构(Simple Capital Structure)

简单资本结构是指企业的资本中只可能存在下列证券的一种或几种:

(1)普通股(common stock)。

(2)不可转换优先股(nonconvertible preferred stock)。

(3)不可转换债务(nonconvertible debt)。

具有简单资本结构的企业不存在有可能造成普通股流通股数增加的潜在稀释性证券,只需要报告基本每股收益(basic EPS)。

(二)加权平均流通股数(Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding)

企业在外流通的普通股股数变动主要由以下4个因素引起:

(1)增发新股(share issue)。

(2)股票回购(share repurchase)。

(3)股票分拆(stock split)。

(4)股票股利(stock dividend)。

其中,(1)和(2)都会引起企业的现金流量发生变化,而(3)和(4)不会影响企业的现金流量。如增发新股(或股票回购)与股票分拆(或股票股利)在题目里同时出现,先调整股票分拆(或股票股利)的影响。

假设只考虑增发新股和股票回购,需要时间加权,加权平均流通股数使用以下公式计算:

期初在外流通股数

+当期发行股数×已发行月数(从发行日到年底)/12

-当期回购股数×已回购月数(从回购日到年底)/12

股票分拆(stock split)是指将原来面值较大的股票,分拆成若干较小面值的股票。例如公司进行3-for-2(拆前2股,拆后3股)的股票分拆,股东原有的2 000股增加到3 000股。

股票股利(stock dividend)是指按照一定比例,以发行增量股票形式支付给股东的股利。例如公司发放20%的股票股利后,股东原先持有的2 000股股票增加到2 400股。

股票股利与股票分拆对加权平均流通股数的影响,要遵循以下两条原则:

(1)调前不调后:只需按比例调整股票股利和股票分拆日期之前的股票数量。

(2)不需要加权:调整时不需要考虑时间加权的问题,只需要考虑前后日期。

二、稀释每股收益(Diluted Earnings Per Share)

(一)复杂资本结构(Complex Capital Structure)

复杂资本结构是指企业的资本中存在以下潜在稀释性证券(potentially dilutive securities)的一种或几种:

(1)可转换债券(convertible debt)。

(2)可转换优先股(convertible preferred stock)。

(3)期权(options)。

(4)权证(warrants)。

具有复杂资本结构的企业,需要同时报告基本每股收益和稀释每股收益(diluted EPS)。稀释每股收益是指假设所有潜在的可降低每股收益的证券转换为普通股时(只是假设,现实中还没有转换)的每股收益。其本质是每股收益理论上可以稀释到的最低水平。

(二)稀释性证券与反稀释性证券(Dilutive Security and Anti-dilutive Security)

潜在稀释性证券(potentially dilutive securities)是指如果转换(通常指可转换债券与可转换优先股)或行权(通常指期权与权证),会引起普通股流通股数增加的证券。

根据对每股收益的影响,潜在稀释性证券可分为稀释性(dilutive)证券与反稀释性(anti-dilutive)证券。其中前者如果转换或行权,会降低每股收益;而后者如果转换或行权,会提高每股收益。

因为稀释每股收益是要计算每股收益理论上可以稀释到的最低水平,所以只需要考虑稀释性证券的影响,反稀释性证券不参与计算,其稀释每股收益就等于基本每股收益。

以上就是好睿小编的分享,学CFA,就来好睿教育。

Diluted EPS是Diluted Earnings per Share的簡稱,中文可以翻譯為稀釋後每股盈餘。

為什麼會有稀釋的問題呢?

關鍵就在上市公司發行的有價證券,除了普通股票之外,公司發行在外的有價證券還可能包括可轉換債券、優先股、股票選擇權(通常主要是發行給員工),以及認股權證同時行使權利等等。

每股盈餘由股東應得獲利(attributable profìt)除以發行在外總股得出,是評估上市公司盈餘能力的一項指標,在計算每股盈餘時也要將普通股票之外的其他有價證券可能會影響到再增加發行普通股一併計入,其所得就是稀釋後的每股盈餘,此數值一定低於基本每股盈餘。

解釋:認股權證、股票選擇權、可轉換債券或優先股,都可能讓公司發行更多普通股,因而稀釋了每股盈餘,這對股東來說,自然不是好事。不過,稀釋後每股盈餘是較保守的指標,因為它假設所有可轉換為普通股的證券同時行使權利,而這轉換也可能實際上不會發生,不過如果公司表現出色,這些證券的確會陸續行使權利。稀釋後每股盈餘若大幅低於基本每股盈餘,就代表現有股票的權益可能遭明確稀釋,這幾乎是所有分析師與投資人不樂見的情況。

英語教室

你可以查英文版(可連結到原始出處)閱讀全文和觀賞video解釋

英文版:

A performance metric used to gauge the quality of a company’s earnings per share (EPS) if all convertible securities were exercised. Convertible securities refers to all outstanding convertible preferred shares, convertible debentures, stock options (primarily employee based) and warrants. Unless the company has no additional potential shares outstanding (a relatively rare circumstance) the diluted EPS will always be lower than the simple EPS.[1]

Diluted earnings per share (Diluted EPS) takes the basic earnings per share figure one step further. Basic EPS only takes into account the number of shares outstanding at the time. Diluted EPS, on the other hand, estimates how many shares could theoretically exist after all stock options, warrants, preferred stock and / or convertible bonds have been exercised. The theory goes that because some or all of these investments could be converted or exercised, the number of shares outstanding could increase at any time. This reduces the amount of a company’s earnings each share is entitled to. In doing so, the price to earnings ratio becomes higher, and the stock appears more expensive. In most cases, the diluted earnings-per-share figure is far more accurate estimation of the total earnings per share and receive special attention when valuing a company. [2]

Investopedia Says[1]

Investopedia explains Diluted Earnings Per Share – Diluted EPS

Remember that earnings per share is calculated by dividing the company’s profit by the number of shares outstanding. Warrants, stock options, convertible preferred shares, etc. all serve to increasing the number of shares outstanding. As a shareholder, this is a bad thing. If the denominator in the equation (shares outstanding) is larger, the earnings per share is reduced (the same profit figure is used in the numerator). This is a conservative metric because it indicates somewhat of a worst-case scenario. On one hand, everyone holding options, warrants, convertible preferred shares, etc. is unlikely convert their shares all at once. At the same time, if things go well, there is a good chance that all options and convertibles will be converted into common stock. A big difference in a company’s EPS and diluted EPS can indicate high potential dilution for the company’s shares, an attribute almost unanimously ostracized by analysts and investors alike.

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