贝多芬 奏鸣曲

Enter the characters you see below

Sorry, we just need to make sure you're not a robot. For best results, please make sure your browser is accepting cookies.

Type the characters you see in this image:

Try different image

Conditions of Use Privacy Policy

© 1996-2014, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates

悲怆

贝多芬钢琴奏鸣曲

“悲怆”的谱子的开始处只记着Grave——庄板，音乐中更多的是英雄气概而非“悲怆”。另有柴科夫斯基《“悲怆”（第六）交响曲》。本词条介绍的是贝多芬的作品c小调的第八号钢琴奏鸣曲《悲怆》Op.13。

中文名 c小调第八号钢琴奏鸣曲《悲怆》Op.13 外文名 Piano Sonata Op.13 谱    曲 贝多芬音乐风格 钢琴奏鸣曲

目录

1. 1 背景介绍
2. ▪ 由来
3. ▪ 意义
4. 2 第一乐章
5. 3 第二乐章
6. 4 第三乐章

悲怆由来

c小调第八号钢琴奏鸣曲《悲怆》Op.13， 这是达到了贝多芬早期钢琴奏鸣曲之顶峰的杰作，也是因其戏剧性的优美旋律而为世人所熟悉的作品。本曲无论在内容、旋律和结构等诸多方面，都渗透着一种日耳曼民族特有的理性，这也是贝多芬等德国音乐家共有的特质。本曲的演奏技巧并不算很难攻破，因此被演奏的机会也非常之多，更是许多钢琴家爱不释手的曲目。在贝多芬的钢琴奏鸣曲中，《悲怆》是第一首由他本人亲自写上标题的作品。关于"悲怆"这个词汇，与贝多芬后半生那感人肺腑而又凄怆深刻的悲剧性生活还有相当的一段距离，因为这毕竟是他的早期作品。

悲怆意义

“悲怆”的谱子的开始处只记着Grave——庄板，音乐中更多的是英雄气概而非“悲怆”。在听到肯普夫、施纳贝尔、巴克豪斯、巴伦博伊姆等人演奏的这首乐曲录音时，许多人都会提出疑问：这首气势磅礴的奏鸣曲何以会有一个与其音乐精神并不很符合的名字？ 原来，这个形容词是贝多芬自己写上去的。在这首作于1798—1799年间的标号为op.13的钢琴奏鸣曲初版扉页上，贝多芬写着“Grande Sonata Pathetique”（悲怆大奏鸣曲）。在他的32部钢琴奏鸣曲中，只有这一部和op.81a“告别”是由作曲家自己加上标题的。二十八、九岁的贝多芬，正值青春年华，事业蒸蒸曰上，为什么要写上这么一个标题呢？罗曼·罗兰在他著名的《贝多芬传》中回答了我的疑问：“……然而痛苦已在叩门；它一朝住在他的身上之后就永远不再退隐。1796年至1800年间，耳聋已开始它的酷刑。”1801年，贝多芬在给韦该勒的信上写道：“我过着一种悲惨的生活。两年以来我躲避着一切交际，因为我不可能与人说话：我聋了。要是我干着别的职业，也许还可以，但在我的行当里，这是可怕的遭遇啊。我的敌人们又将怎么说，他们的数目又是相当可观！……在戏院里，我得坐在贴近乐队的地方，才能懂得演员的说话。……人家柔和地说话时，我勉强听到一些，人家高声叫喊时，我简直痛苦难忍……我时常诅咒我的生命……普卢塔克教我学习隐忍。我却愿和我的命运挑战，只要可能；但有些时候，我竟是上帝最可怜的造物……隐忍！多伤心的避难所！然而这是我唯一的出路。” “悲怆”奏鸣曲本身和这封信，揭示出了贝多芬的英雄性人格和崇高的精神境界。 题目“悲怆”，隐藏着生命的磨难，流露出内心的痛苦。但音乐的本体，更多的是对不幸遭遇的“隐忍”，对命运的“挑战”和抗争，对现实的超越和升华，对理想的执着和坚定。

贝多芬的“悲怆”奏鸣曲可以说是完美的音乐典范——它是日记式的生活状态的反映，而贝多芬在他的音乐声中告诉我们，他已超越了现实，摆脱了尘世的困苦，在精神上他是胜利者。 有人曾将这首奏鸣曲与莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相比较，指出在这两部作品中，存在着共同的“青春的哀伤感”。 可能人们是从这个标题出发，将它和当时德国社会中普遍存在的一种情绪相对应而作出这种结论的。确实，在歌德的 《少年维特之烦恼》中，在莫扎特的g小调第40交响曲中，都弥漫着类似的情绪。但贝多芬毕竟有其独特的个性，实际上，他的作品中弥漫着的是一股蓬勃的生命力，同时也弥漫着一种对无限、对理想的渴望。他已经超越了自己的肉体上和生活中的种种痛苦、恐惧、忍让、敬畏，他感悟到了生命的升华。正如E·T·A·霍夫曼所说：“人的心在尘世之物中感悟超尘世之物。”

贝多芬在他的生活中感觉到了悲怆，感悟到了生命中自我的力量，他将这些写进了这部奏鸣曲，用音乐把我们带出生命的躯壳，导向那无垠的精神疆域，向我们的灵魂中灌注了英雄的理想和人格。 “我的王国是在天空。” “我是替人类酿制醇醪的酒神。是我给人以酒神上至高的热狂 “我们这些精神上无限而生命有限的人，就是为了痛苦和欢乐而生的。几乎可以这样说：最优秀的人物通过痛苦才能得到欢乐。” 贝多芬在自己的痛苦中培育出精纯美丽的花朵，献给世人，解救世人，造福世人，他是人类的英雄，人类的普罗米修斯。

贝多芬

是宏伟的奏鸣曲式。极缓板，转辉煌的快板，c小调。开头是一段相当长的充满悲怆情绪的极缓板，后转为快板，依旧悲怆的旋律中透露出一丝坚定。重板的引子充满古希腊式的悲剧气氛，雄辩的语调具有巨人的气概，绝无儿女情长似的缠绵悱恻，对命运的激愤之情和身处绝境却刚毅不屈的气度使听者热血沸腾。

如歌似的慢板，降A大调，2/4拍子。温馨而虔敬，如同抒情的无词歌。本乐章的主题是人们非常熟悉的一段旋律， 它曾被现代轻音乐队改编为轻音乐曲，成为通俗音乐中的精品。贝多芬对生命、对人类的爱就像阿波罗的阳光一样，明澈地闪耀在每一个音符上。

是回旋奏鸣曲式，快板,c小调，2/2拍子。乐章主题与第一乐章主题动机有相通之处，优美的旋律中带有欠稳定的游移情绪，似乎处于一种徘徊不定的心态之中。一开头便是如雨珠倾泻而下的连奏，主部主题洋溢着青春的明快和不可抑制的生命活力，而在欢笑的背后，是微微的不安和骚动。大调的副部主题虽然明朗，却也以急速的运动暗示着心态的不稳定。插部以一种宣言式的坚定语调表达了真正坚强稳定的意志。这个乐章的好几个段落都有贝多芬惯用的“签名式”结尾，让人领略到作曲家的自信和潇洒。

Piano Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 2 No. 1: I. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 2 No. 1: II. Adagio

Piano Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 2 No. 1: III. Menuetto

Piano Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 2 No. 1: IV. Prestissimo

Piano Sonata No. 2 in A, Op. 2 No. 2: I. Allegro Vivace

Piano Sonata No. 2 in A, Op. 2 No. 2: II. Largo Appassionato

Piano Sonata No. 2 in A, Op. 2 No. 2: III. Scherzo (Allegretto)

Piano Sonata No. 2 in A, Op. 2 No. 2: IV. Rondo (Grazioso)

Piano Sonata No. 3 in C Major, Op. 2 No. 3: I. Allegro con brio

Piano Sonata No. 3 in C Major, Op. 2 No. 3: II. Adagio

Piano Sonata No. 3 in C Major, Op. 2 No. 3: III. Scherzo (Allegro) - Trio

Piano Sonata No. 3 in C Major, Op. 2 No. 3: IV. Allegro assai

Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-Flat Major, Op. 7: I. Allegro molto e con brio

Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-Flat Major, Op. 7: II. Largo, con gran espressione

Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-Flat Major, Op. 7: III. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-Flat Major, Op. 7: IV. Rondo. Poco allegretto e grazioso

Piano Sonata No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 10, No. 1: I. Allegro molto e con brio

Piano Sonata No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 10, No. 1: II. Adagio molto

Piano Sonata No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 10, No. 1: III. Finale (Prestissimo)

Piano Sonata No. 6 in F Major, Op. 10, No. 2: I. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 6 in F Major, Op. 10, No. 2: II. Allegretto

Piano Sonata No. 6 in F Major, Op. 10, No. 2: III. Presto

Sonata, Op. 10 No. 3: I. Presto

Sonata, Op. 10 No. 3: II. Largo e mesto

Sonata, Op. 10 No. 3: III. Menuetto. Allegro - Trio - Menuetto D.C., ma senza replica

Sonata, Op. 10 No. 3: IV. Rondo. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 8 in C Minor, Op. 13 "Pathétique": I. Grave - Allegro di molto e con brio

Piano Sonata No. 8 in C Minor, Op. 13 "Pathétique": II. Adagio cantabile

Piano Sonata No. 8 in C Minor, Op. 13 "Pathétique": III. Rondo (Allegro)

Piano Sonata No. 9 in E Major, Op. 14, No. 1: I. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 9 in E Major, Op. 14, No. 1: II. Allegretto

Piano Sonata No. 9 in E Major, Op. 14, No. 1: III. Rondo. Allegro comodo

Piano Sonata No. 10 in G, Op. 14 No. 2: 1. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 10 in G, Op. 14 No. 2: 2. Andante

Piano Sonata No. 10 in G, Op. 14 No. 2: 3. Scherzo (Allegro Assai)

Piano Sonata No. 11 in B-Flat, Op. 22: I. Allegro Con Brio

Piano Sonata No. 11 in B-Flat, Op. 22: II. Adagio Con Molto Espressione

Piano Sonata No. 11 in B-Flat, Op. 22: III. Menuetto

Piano Sonata No. 11 in B-Flat, Op. 22: IV. Rondo (Allegretto)

Sonata No. 12 in A-Flat Major, Op. 26: I. Andante con Variazioni

Sonata No. 12 in A-Flat Major, Op. 26: II. Scherzo. Allegro molto

Sonata No. 12 in A-Flat Major, Op. 26: III. Marcia funebre sulla morte d'un Eroe

Sonata No. 12 in A-Flat Major, Op. 26: IV. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 13 in E-Flat Major, Op. 27 No. 1: I. Andante - Allegro - Tempo I

Piano Sonata No. 13 in E-Flat Major, Op. 27 No. 1: II. Allegro molto e vivace

Piano Sonata No. 13 in E-Flat Major, Op. 27 No. 1: III. Adagio con espressione

Piano Sonata No. 13 in E-Flat Major, Op. 27 No. 1: IV. Allegro vivace - Tempo I - Presto

Piano Sonata No.14 in C sharp minor, Op.27 No.2 -"Moonlight": 1. Adagio sostenuto

Piano Sonata No.14 in C sharp minor, Op.27 No.2 -"Moonlight": 2. Allegretto

Piano Sonata No.14 in C sharp minor, Op.27 No.2 -"Moonlight": 3. Presto

Piano Sonata No. 15 in D, Op. 28 -"Pastorale": I. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 15 in D, Op. 28 -"Pastorale": II. Andante

Piano Sonata No. 15 in D, Op. 28 -"Pastorale": III. Scherzo (Allegro assai)

Piano Sonata No. 15 in D Major, Op. 28 "Pastorale": IV. Rondo. Allegro ma non troppo

Piano Sonata No. 16 in G Major, Op. 31 No. 1: I. Allegro vivace

Piano Sonata No. 16 in G Major, Op. 31 No. 1: II. Adagio grazioso

Piano Sonata No. 16 in G Major, Op. 31 No. 1: III. Rondo (Allegretto)

Piano Sonata No. 17 in D Minor, Op. 31, No. 2, "Tempest": I. Largo - Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 17 in D Minor, Op. 31, No. 2, "Tempest": II. Adagio

Piano Sonata No. 17 in D Minor, Op. 31, No. 2, "Tempest": III. Allegretto

Piano Sonata No. 18 in E flat major, Op. 31/3: I. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 18 in E flat major, Op. 31/3: II. Allegretto vivace

Piano Sonata No. 18 in E flat major, Op. 31/3: III. Menuetto

Piano Sonata No. 18 in E flat major, Op. 31/3: IV. Presto con fuoco

Sonata no. 19 in G minor, op. 49, no. 1: Andante

Sonata no. 19 in G minor, op. 49, no. 1: Rondo: Allegro

Sonata no. 20 in G major, op. 49, no. 2: Allegro ma non troppo

Sonata no. 20 in G major, op. 49, no. 2: Tempo di Menuetto

Piano Sonata No. 21 in C, Op. 53, "Waldstein": I. Allegro con brio

Piano Sonata No. 21 in C, Op. 53, "Waldstein": II. Introduzione: Adagio molto

Piano Sonata No. 21 in C, Op. 53, "Waldstein": III. Rondo: Allegretto moderato

Piano Sonata No. 21 in C, Op. 53, "Waldstein": IV. Prestissimo

Piano Sonata No. 22 in F Major, Op. 54: I. In tempo d'un minuetto

Piano Sonata No. 22 in F Major, Op. 54: II. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 23 in F Minor, Op. 57, "Appassionata": I. Allegro assai

Piano Sonata No. 23 in F Minor, Op. 57, "Appassionata": II. Andante con moto

Piano Sonata No. 23 in F Minor, Op. 57, "Appassionata": III. Allegro ma non troppo

Piano Sonata No. 24 in F-Sharp, Op. 78 "For Therese": I. Adagio Cantabile - Allegro Ma Non Troppo

Piano Sonata No. 24 in F-Sharp, Op. 78 "For Therese": II. Allegro Vivace

Sonata no. 25 in G major, op. 79: Presto alla tedesca

Sonata no. 25 in G major, op. 79: Andante

Sonata no. 25 in G major, op. 79: Vivace

Piano Sonata No. 26 in E-Flat, Op. 81a, "Les adieux": I. Das Lebewohl: Adagio - Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 26 in E-Flat, Op. 81a, "Les adieux": II. Abwesendheit: Andante espressivo)

Piano Sonata No. 26 in E-Flat, Op. 81a, "Les adieux": III. Das Wiedersehn: Vivacissimamente

Piano Sonata No. 27 in E Minor, Op. 90: I. Mit Lebhaftigkeit und durchaus mit Empfindung und Ausdruck

Piano Sonata No. 27 in E Minor, Op. 90: II. Nicht zu geschwind und sehr singbar vorzutragen

Piano Sonata No. 28 in A Major, Op. 101: I. Etwas lebhaft und mit der innigsten Empfindung

Piano Sonata No. 28 in A Major, Op. 101: II. Lebhaft. Marschmäßig

Piano Sonata No. 28 in A Major, Op. 101: III. Langsam und sehnsuchtsvoll

Piano Sonata No. 28 in A Major, Op. 101: IV. Geschwind, doch nicht zu sehr, und mit Entschlossenheit

Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-Flat Major, Op. 106 "Hammerklavier": I. Allegro

Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-Flat Major, Op. 106 "Hammerklavier": II. Scherzo

Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-Flat Major, Op. 106 "Hammerklavier": III. Adagio sostenuto

Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-Flat Major, Op. 106 "Hammerklavier": IV. Largo - Allegro risoluto

Sonata for Piano No. 30 in E Major, Op. 109: I. Vivace, Ma Non Troppo - Adagio Espressivo - Tempo I

Sonata for Piano No. 30 in E Major, Op. 109: II. Prestissimo

Sonata for Piano No. 30 in E Major, Op. 109: III. Gesangvoll, Mit Innigster Empfindung (Andante Molto Cantabile Ed Espressivo)

Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-Flat, Op. 110: I. Moderato Cantabile Molto Espressivo

Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-Flat, Op. 110: II. Allegro Molto